Little to no Summer ice in the Arctic

[Sunsettommy]

Journal of Quaternary Science

Holocene variability in sea ice cover, primary production, and Pacific-Water inflow and climate change in the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas (Arctic Ocean)

Ruediger Stein,et al

Version of Record online: 27 FEB 2017

ABSTRACT

In this study, we present new detailed biomarker-based sea ice records from two sediment cores recovered in the Chukchi Sea and the East Siberian Sea. These new biomarker data may provide new insights on processes controlling recent and past sea ice changes. The biomarker proxy records show (i) minimum sea ice extent during the Early Holocene, (ii) a prominent Mid-Holocene short-term high-amplitude variability in sea ice, primary production and Pacific-Water inflow, and (iii) significantly increased sea ice extent during the last ca. 4.5k cal a BP. This Late Holocene trend in sea ice change in the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas seems to be contemporaneous with similar changes in sea ice extent recorded from other Arctic marginal seas. The main factors controlling the millennial variability in sea ice (and surface-water productivity) are probably changes in surface water and heat flow from the Pacific into the Arctic Ocean as well as the long-term decrease in summer insolation. The short-term centennial variability observed in the high-resolution Middle Holocene record is probably related to solar forcing. Our new data on Holocene sea ice variability may contribute to synoptic reconstructions of regional to global Holocene climate change based on terrestrial and marine archives.



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[Sunsettommy]

Open Access Paper

Quaternary Science Reviews

Arctic Ocean perennial sea ice breakdown during the Early Holocene Insolation Maximum

15 May 2014

Christian Stranne,et al

Abstract

Arctic Ocean sea ice proxies generally suggest a reduction in sea ice during parts of the early and middle Holocene (∼6000–10,000 years BP) compared to present day conditions. This sea ice minimum has been attributed to the northern hemisphere Early Holocene Insolation Maximum (EHIM) associated with Earth's orbital cycles. Here we investigate the transient effect of insolation variations during the final part of the last glaciation and the Holocene by means of continuous climate simulations with the coupled atmosphere–sea ice–ocean column model CCAM. We show that the increased insolation during EHIM has the potential to push the Arctic Ocean sea ice cover into a regime dominated by seasonal ice, i.e. ice free summers. The strong sea ice thickness response is caused by the positive sea ice albedo feedback. Studies of the GRIP ice cores and high latitude North Atlantic sediment cores show that the Bølling–Allerød period (c. 12,700–14,700 years BP) was a climatically unstable period in the northern high latitudes and we speculate that this instability may be linked to dual stability modes of the Arctic sea ice cover characterized by e.g. transitions between periods with and without perennial sea ice cover.


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[Sunsettommy]

Taylor & Francis online

Birds and Climatic Change

Kenneth Williamson (1975) Birds and Climatic Change, Bird Study, 22:3,143-164, DOI: 10.1080/00063657509476459

Published online: 24 Jun 2009

“HISTORICAL REVIEW

Between 1000 and 1300 average summer temperatures were about 1°C higher than today, with the mean annual temperature higher by perhaps 4°C in a largely ice-free Arctic. Eric the Red, a renowned world citizen of that time, has been much maligned as the first progressive publicity man for giving Greenland a false image in order to attract settlers; but in truth, the southwest of that vast country was warmer and greener by far than at any time until the Fieldfares Turdus pilaris arrived there in the mid-1930s. The sea-temperature of the Atlantic was higher than it has been since, and there appears to have been none or very little ice to hinder the Vikings’ communications between Iceland, Greenland,Newfoundland and Labrador (Mowat 1965). Indeed Brooks (1926) considers thatthe polar ice-cap may have disappeared entirely during the summer months, tobuild anew each winter.”


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[Sunsettommy]

Watts Up With That?

NSIDC’s Dr. Walt Meier – part 2

“Can the Arctic really become sea ice-free during summer?

It has been suggested that the Arctic really can’t lose all its sea ice during summer because there isn’t enough energy to melt all of the ice in the short summer. There are a couple of reasons why this thinking is faulty.

First, we know the Arctic can potentially lose all its sea ice during summer because it has done so in the past. Examination of several proxy records (e.g., sediment cores) of sea ice indicate ice-free or near ice-free summer conditions for at least some time during the period of 15,000 to 5,000 years ago (Polyak et al., 2010) when Arctic temperatures were not much warmer than today.”

LINK

[Sunsettommy]

Quaternary Science Reviews

New insights on Arctic Quaternary climate variability from palaeo-records and numerical modelling

December 2010

Martin Jackobsson, et al

Abstract

Terrestrial and marine geological archives in the Arctic contain information on environmental change through Quaternary interglacial–glacial cycles. The Arctic Palaeoclimate and its Extremes (APEX) scientific network aims to better understand the magnitude and frequency of past Arctic climate variability, with focus on the “extreme” versus the “normal” conditions of the climate system. One important motivation for studying the amplitude of past natural environmental changes in the Arctic is to better understand the role of this region in a global perspective and provide base-line conditions against which to explore potential future changes in Arctic climate under scenarios of global warming. In this review we identify several areas that are distinct to the present programme and highlight some recent advances presented in this special issue concerning Arctic palaeo-records and natural variability, including spatial and temporal variability of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Arctic Ocean sediment stratigraphy, past ice shelves and marginal marine ice sheets, and the Cenozoic history of Arctic Ocean sea ice in general and Holocene oscillations in sea ice concentrations in particular. The combined sea ice data suggest that the seasonal Arctic sea ice cover was strongly reduced during most of the early Holocene and there appear to have been periods of ice free summers in the central Arctic Ocean. This has important consequences for our understanding of the recent trend of declining sea ice, and calls for further research on causal links between Arctic climate and sea ice.

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[Sunsettommy]

The Hockey Schtick

Paper finds Arctic sea ice extent 8,000 years ago was less than half of the 'record' low 2007 level

Saturday, August 25, 2012

Excerpt:

A paper published in Science finds summer Arctic Sea Ice extent during the Holocene Thermal Maximum 8,000 years ago was "less than half of the record low 2007 level." The paper finds a "general buildup of sea ice from ~ 6,000 years before the present" which reached a maximum during the Little Ice Age and "attained its present (year 2000) extent at 4,000 years before the present.

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[Sunsettommy]

No Tricks Zone

Another New Study Affirms The Arctic Was Warmer With Less Sea Ice During The Mid-Holocene

By Kenneth Richard on 29. December 2022

Excerpt:

“Compared to the present climate, the Arctic climate in MH [Mid-Holocene] summer became warmer and had less sea ice” (Dong et al., 2022).

While the modern Arctic “remains largely covered by sea ice in June and July,” the higher summer sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from about 3,000 to 7,000 years ago meant the East Siberian Sea had “sea-ice free conditions throughout the MH summer.”

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[Billy_Bob Patriot Master]

No Tricks Zone

Another New Study Affirms The Arctic Was Warmer With Less Sea Ice During The Mid-Holocene

By Kenneth Richard on 29. December 2022

Excerpt:

“Compared to the present climate, the Arctic climate in MH [Mid-Holocene] summer became warmer and had less sea ice” (Dong et al., 2022).

While the modern Arctic “remains largely covered by sea ice in June and July,” the higher summer sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from about 3,000 to 7,000 years ago meant the East Siberian Sea had “sea-ice free conditions throughout the MH summer.”

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One more log on the fire showing that CO2 drives nothing. That it is 100% ocean driven.  

I was looking at papers on the warming of the arctic ocean flows and noticed that all of them changed when the earth lurched, about 40 years ago, and magnetic north began moving quickly. Now that movement has slowed again, and cooling has resumed in those flows. They are hypothesizing that the rapid movement in the magnetic fields caused perturbations in the ocean flows.  This would also help explain why there are forests under the arctic ice.  Now to explain away the carbon dating issues that make these forests very old.  Is carbon dating accurate or are there major flaws in this method of age determination?

[Sunsettommy]

Nature

OPEN ACCESS

Seasonal sea-ice in the Arctic’s last ice area during the Early Holocene

LINK

[Billy_Bob Patriot Master]

That one's got to hurt the Alarmist claims quite badly.   This is a normal function of the earth's natural cycle.... OUCH!

[Sunsettommy]

Polar Bear Science

New evidence that polar bears survived 1,600 years of ice-free summers in the early Holocene

June 16, 2023

LINK

[Sunsettommy]

No Tricks Zone

The Narrative That Polar Bears Need Sea Ice To Catch Prey Has Collapsed As More Evidence Piles Up

By Kenneth Richard on 1. January 2024

Excerpt:

Arctic regions with 6+ months of sea ice coverage today were ice-free nearly year-round 9,000 to 5,000 years ago (2°C warmer) and 130,000 to 115,000 years ago (7-8°C warmer). And yet polar bears survived these periods.
Per a new study, today’s Scandinavian Arctic climate is so cold it is actually “comparable” to that of the late last glacial.

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[Billy_Bob Patriot Master]

More and more evidence the government paid for "experts" are stone cold liars.  Politics in science never works as it is the antithesis of the scientific method.

[Sunsettommy]

Science News

Less Ice In Arctic Ocean 6000-7000 Years Ago


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[Billy_Bob Patriot Master]

Those who study Paleo History know this.  We were also about 2 deg C warmer than today...  But the general populace hasn't been alive that long so they can be easily driven to fear.  That is what the Global Warming Liars are counting on to get them to give up their rights.